Habitat: Manure and enriched soils
Climate: Tropical/subtropicalStrain Origin: Brooksville, Florida Cap: 10-25 (29) mm in diameter. Pins brown to very dark brown maturing to grey brown often darker in the center. Occasionally observed with a scalloped margin. Stem: (30) 80-100 mm long by 1.5-3 mm thick Gills: Adnexed with 3 to 4 tiers of intermediate gills. Spores: 11-13 microns, black in deposit, somewhat transparent under magnification. 4-spored with the occasional 2-spored basidium. Comments: Highly domesticated and stable with low genetic variability. Previously considered a strain of Panaeolus tropicalis, this collection is better considered as the similar P. cambodginiensis. The documentation of the various Panaeolus species contains conflicting information which initially misled staff on this particular collection. P. tropicalis and P. cambodginiensis have similar sized spores and are easily confused. Species summary: Panaeolus cyanescens: The most common (in the wild) species, pallid pins or only slightly pigmented that soon fade with maturity, large spores (majority over 12 microns). Panaeolus cambodginiensis: The second most common species, very dark chocolate to olive pins, small spores (majority under 12 microns), sometimes produces sclerotia-like bodies. This species seems to be overly represented in circulated strains compared to purely wild collections. Panaeolus tropicalis: rare, pallid pins, small spores (like P. cambodginiensis).? This is the most confused documented species.? Stamets (1996) indicates that it is an exclusively two spored species (two spores per basidium) which is incorrect according to all other sources.? Gerhardt's (1996) key to the Copelandia implies that it?s a darkly pigmented species which conflicts with the actual description in the same document (which is based on Ola?h?s (1969) original description). Ola?h (1969) gives great importance to the internally granulated transparent spores of P. tropicalis, but Gerhardt?s (1996) examination of Ola?h?s herbarium deposits notes only opaque spores. Gerhardt instead gives importance to the form of the pleurocystidia, which are distinctly cone-shaped compared to other Copelandia. Selected References:
Gerhardt E., 1996. Taxonomische Revision der Gattungen Panaeolus und Panaeolina. Bibl. Bot. 47, Schweizerbart?sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Ola?h, G.M., 1969. Le genre Panaeolus: essai taxonomique et physiologique. Revue de Mycologie, Memoire Hors-Serie 10.
Stamets, P., 1996. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley, Calif.: Ten Speed Press. * Spores intended for microscopy and taxonomy purposes only. Images provided for informational and educational reference only and originate from cultivators and labs outside the US. Cultivation of this species is illegal in many countries including the United States. Please check your local regulations. California, Idaho, and Georgia residents: Orders requesting Psilocybe Genera Spores shipped to California, Idaho, and Georgia will be refused, voided, or refunded. Possession of these mushroom spores may be illegal in CA, ID, and GA without the proper permissions. |
